Comparison Of Utilitarianism And Deontology - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1501 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Ethics Essay Level High school Tags: Utilitarianism Essay Did you like this example? Utilitarianism vs Deontology Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that the best action is the one that maximizes utility, (Wikipedia.com, Utilitarianism). This is stating that it is morally good to use human lives if there is a greater good is the result. An example of this would be getting an abortion. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Comparison Of Utilitarianism And Deontology" essay for you Create order Utilitarianists believe that committing an abortion is morally okay as long as it leads to a good result for the majority, (iep.utm.edu, Act and Rule Utilitarianism). Also, utilitarianist reject moral codes or commands that are considered taboo that is based on customs, traditions, or orders given by leaders or supernatural beings, ( iep.utm.edu, Act and Rule Utilitarianism). Instead, they prefer a positive contribution to human beings. Another example of utilitarianism is eliminating certain people and saving valuable resources for other people that will benefit from them. This is also known as rationing, and is stated as unavoidable because the needs for it are limitless, (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, Ethics and rationality of Medicine). For instance, a person is considered brain dead and has little to no chance at recovering can provide about ten organs and at the same time is not using up valuable resources. Recently in the news, there have been numerous reports from Iceland that doctors there have discovered a cure for Down Syndrome, (cbsnews.com, Down Syndrome Disappears). Upon closer examination, it has been discovered that doctors have not cured Down Syndrome, but they have killed all those unborn babies who they believe will be born with the disease. These doctors have been using prenatal testing to determine if the unborn baby will get this genetic disease or not. According to recent data studies, the United States has a sixty-seven percent termination rate, and Denmark is ninety-eight percent rate, (cbsnews.com, Down Syndrome Disappears). A utilitarianist would believe that aborting these unborn babies with defects is for the greater good. This is because utilitarianist believes those born with these genetic defects are draining valuable resources, and in certain situations, those resources would be limited and should not be wasted on defective people. So, the death of the unborn is being used to achieve the greater good. Another view of this the practice of genocide, deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those apart of a particular ethnic group or nation, (Wikipedia.org, Genocide definitions). Not only is a certain group being targeted, but its also a group that requires more protection for those with this disability. The complete opposite of utilitarianism is Deontology. Deontology is The study of the nature of duty and obligation, (wikipedia.com, Deontological Ethics). Meaning it is never morally correct to use a human being only as a means to a further end. For instance, each and every human life, no matter the stage of development or condition the person is in, it is inherently valuable. As human beings, we are rational with a free choice who prefer to not be used as tools for someone elses purpose. Kants theory states Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never merely as a means, but always at the same time as an end, (link.springer.com, Abstract). Kant is simply suggesting that if his Principle of Humanities were followed, the world would be perfect. Principle of Humanities is the study aspects of humanity and culture, (Humanities, en.wikipedia.org). This is stating that we can never use human beings as a means to an end. Meaning we as humans should never use one another as a tool. But, we can use people generally under certain circumstances. An example of this would be asking someone to borrow twenty dollars and giving them the exact reason why you would be borrowing. For instance, Asking a parent for twenty-dollars to put gas in your car is a great example to explain the Principle of Humanities. If we apply deontology to the issue of killing unborn children that are prone to down syndrome, we see that neither side is morally permissible to treat one another as a means to an end. We humans should always recognize the person, born or unborn. The act of killing an innocent child because of what genetic disformity it will have is clearly treating oneself as a means to an end, as the woman carrying the unborn child as a means to end the babys life to save herself from having to take care of it once it is born, or as a way to save money from having to pay to deal with this kind of special needs child. Then the mothers life becomes a means to an end and that is wrong. We as a society do not allow a woman to be this irresponsible to end a human life just because of the troubles it could cause them mentally and financially. Also, doctors should be involved in the decision making because an abortion can cause harm to a womans health, ( https://www.bbc.co.uk,Safety of Women). Doctors u se to take the Hippocratic oath, stating I will not give a woman an abortive remedy, (www.medicinenet.com, Classic Hippocratic Oath). Doctors are meant to cure and heal the sick, not to kill human beings. For the issue of killing an innocent baby born with Down Syndrome, I argue that we should not kill the innocent baby to benefit someone else. First, I believe it is wrong to use a human being that has not even had a chance to live, for parts. Even if the person is not fully grown or harmed in any way. There is no price that compares to a humans life. Utilitarians do not view life this way, they see humans as a resource to get what they want. Those who need help the most should not be killed and used, they deserve to live and be protected. Second, a prenatal test does not guarantee that the child will have Down syndrome, it is just showing if the risk is high or low, (cbsnews.com, Down Syndrome Disappears). If the unborn child ends up not having Down Syndrome, then the abortion was performed for no reason. Lastly, a doctor cannot be one-hundred percent sure that the unborn baby has any kind of disease until it is born. Therefore, killing an innocent an possibly unharmed by genetics ch ild is wrong. When a woman is told her child could possibly be born with a genetic disorder, she should be fully informed on the causes that could happen to the baby and herself. Especially her health if the doctor is trying to convince to have an abortion. An abortion can have a psychological and emotional impact on a womans body, (www.labroots.com, Affects the Woman). Therefore, Doctors have to give the woman consent. Meaning the woman has to be fully aware of what could happen to her body and the unborn child. Doctors are known for not telling all the side affects of procedures or medication when giving them to their patient. So, I will not allow myself to undergo an abortion just because my child would be born with a genetic disorder. This is because there is a chance of infertility, or perforate the lining of my uterus, and that can cause infection and even sepsis,(www.labroots.com, Affects the Woman). There is such thing as an non-voluntary euthanasia, and this includes abortion, (https://www.life.org.nz, Abortion/Euthanasia). These two types of murder are morally wrong, and to this day are being debated as to what life is said to be. Euthanasia targets groups such as people that are sick, disabled, and old. In Iceland, unborn children are being killed for having a genetic disease called Down Syndrome, (cbsnews.com, Down Syndrome Disappears). Citation Page Atwell, John E. The Principle of Humanity. SpringerLink, Springer, 1 Jan. 1986, link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-009-4345-2_6. Deontological Ethics. Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Nov. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deontological_ethics. Ethics Abortion: Safety of Women. BBC, BBC, www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/abortion/mother/safety.shtml Genocide Definitions. Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Apr. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide_definitions. How an Abortion Affects the Woman | Videos. LabRoots, LabRoots, Inc., www.labroots.com/trending/videos/9914/how-abortion-affects-woman-s-body. Humanities. Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Nov. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanities. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, www.iep.utm.edu/util-a-r/. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, www.iep.utm.edu/util-a-r/. Lajka, Julian Quinones Arijeta. ?What Kind of Society Do You Want to Live in?: Inside the Country Where Down Syndrome Is Disappearing. CBS News, CBS Interactive, 14 Aug. 2017, www.cbsnews.com/news/down-syndrome-iceland/. Medical Definition of Hippocratic Oath. MedicineNet, www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=20909. The Abortion/Euthanasia Connection. Impact of Euthanasia on the Family | The Life Resources Charitable Trust, www.life.org.nz/abortion/abortionkeyissues/euthanasialink/. Utilitarianism. Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 4 Nov. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilitarianism

Comparing and Contrasting Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E....

No matter how much something can differ some characteristics are shared. As strange as it sounds it’s very true, both Grant and Lee are two different yet similar people. As these two fights for what they believe in, though their beliefs are different they share some qualities. Ulysses S. Grant wanted the nation to expand and look forward towards the future. Robert E. Lee thought that an old aristocratic way of life was the better choice and that it can survive and dominant in American life. Ulysses S. Grant was a man who grew up the hard way. He was the son of a tanner on the Western frontier. He was a man that looked mainly towards the future and could careless about the past. Grant view everything as one, he wanted to†¦show more content†¦Robert E. Lee was a man of family, culture and tradition. Lee was a man who believed in the old English ways in chivalry. The Southern states fought for the same ideals that Lee stood for. Lee believed that this way of life made men to be of a higher class. He was convinced that these old values can build a better nation. Catton express the Confederacy loyalty to these values by saying: â€Å"For four years, the southern states had fought a separate war to up held the ideals for which Lee; as if he himself was the Confederacy†¦ the best thing that the way of life for which the Confederacy stood could have ever had to offer† (410). Grant and Lee are completely different when it comes to their views on what the American life style should be. Grants goals and standard are high, as the author says here in this statement: â€Å"Grant was the modern man emerging; beyond him, ready to come on the stage, was the great age of steel and machinery, of crowded cities and a restless burgeoning vitality† (411). I think that these values of a much larger and brighter future is a better choice. Thinking ahead rather than staying with the old ways is by far the greatest selection for the nation. Though Lee was a man of great class and noble causes he was forced to surrender to Grant. I suppose that the statement â€Å"out with the old and in with the new† is a true one. It would seem that Catton would agree with me when he said: â€Å"Lee might have ridden down

Internationalization Strategies Organizational Boundaries

Question: Discuss about the Internationalization Strategies for Organizational Boundaries. Answer: Introduction Internationalization strategies aim to expand organizational boundaries to other foreign markets; such strategies help organizations in lending and capturing foreign market through cross border transactions. In last three decades there has been tremendous growth in global FDI expenditure as the figure grew from approx. 6 percent to 27 percent (unctad.org, 2014). There are different types of FDI strategies such as investment, exporting, join ventures, mergers, acquisitions that are adopted by firms for market entry. This paper aims to present analysis on FDI strategy of a MNC from Global 500 companies; selected firm for the analysis is Tata Motors and its expansion in Germany. This analysis shows the way a company from an emerging market expand its business in developed market. This paper include information on selected firm, analysis in European markets, its key contributing factors with the help of internationalization theories. Later part discusses foreign entry strategies such as entry strategies, advantages and its constraint. It also includes analysis on business impact and contribution make by the company in host country. The Analysis of your Multinational Corporation Selected MNC for the research is Tata Motors Limited, it is an India based leading automobile company that deals in wide range of products including trucks, coaches, military vehicles, construction equipments, vans, buses and passenger cars (www.tatamotors.com, 2015). In context to the volume of production it has the rank of being the second largest manufacturer of buses and the fourth biggest manufacturer of trucks (Tata Motors Limited, 2012). There are 76,500 employees, with $1684 million. It is the only Indian automobile company that made to global 500 lists. According to theoretical definition of MNC it is affirm that sell products in different countries (Gupta, 2010). Tata Motors have made its strong presence in 170 countries with 6600 touch points with its research and development centres in India, UK, South Korea and Italy. Another key characteristic of MNC is to establish globalization of production in which the company try to establish production advantage of land labour and capital from different markets (Gupta, 2010). In terms of international busines Tata Motors have strong presence in South Africa since 1992; it produces left-hand and right-hand drive versions of our cars, buses, SUVs and trucks. In this market the company adopted fragmented approach, it helped in improving cumulative exporting and sales reach to 15000 units (Roux, 2006). This brand is also present in Latin America since 1992; in this market it sells mid-sized sedans such as Indigo and the Manza, hatchback Vista, and the Tata Xenon. Apart from this, it is also present in Europe in Italy, Spain and Poland; in Middle-east countries and Asian countries (www.tatamotors.com, 2015). In UK it owned Jaguar Landrover, it created more than 36000 jobs; the company invested $1.1 billion for new product creation. In 1994 it entered Germany market through Joint venture mode. Host Country Analysis Key factors Key reason for expanding Germany includes its increasing market size and scope for business development. Germany is economically stable nation with surplus balance of trade; there is large number of export than import. With 81 million populations there was growth of 1.6 percent in GDP with low unemployment rate (straitstimes.com, 2015). There is strong presence of Tata Group in the market, attractive portfolio of Jaguar and Landover also helped in increasing its sales (www.tatamotors.com, 2015). The automobile industry of Germany is huge; it provides largest employment opportunity in the nation. This country is suitable for automobile industry due to its availability of skilled workforce; this country is also regarded as birth place of automobiles since 1970. It is the largest home of well-known automobile companies such as Volkswagen AG, Daimler AG, BMW AG, Porsche, Mercedes Benz, Adam Opel etc. Germany has strong image in worldwide market for automobile industry and has highest num ber of automobile manufactures in the world(Tata Motors, 2013). This region has strong demand for energy efficient cars in Germany; therefore this demand can be fulfilled by Tata Motors with its eco-friendly products offerings such as Tata Nano CNG emax, which is a technology upgraded car with low carbon emission, high mileage, cutting edge CNG fittings; sensors, safety promoting interlock sensors with world class comfortable interiors. According to A.T Kearney Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index, Germany is regarded as most attractive and beneficial destination for FDI investment, partnerships etc. as it offer efficient scope for research and development centres. Further, there is rising demand for small and medium sized energy efficient cars in the market, which gives business development scope to Tata Motors. With rising awareness and concerns regarding environment protection, there is conscious shift in preference towards fuel efficient cars in the market, therefore Tata Motors can leverage this opportunity in Germany market. Porter diamond theory For instance according to Porter diamond model there are six factors that can be evaluated to analyse competitiveness of a specific firm in given location, it include factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, firm strategy, government and lastly chance (Porter, 1990). Therefore, scenario of Tata Motors in relation to market operation in Germany is analysed below; Factor Conditions: Factor condition can be defined as three core elements of business capital resources, infrastructure for business operation and availability of physical resource. As Germany has a strong automobile industry, there is availability of all factor condition that will also help the brand in gaining economies of scale. Demand Conditions: Analysis shows high demand for electric cars in global market as well as Germany market. Both India (home country) and Germany (Host country) aims to make their all cars electric by the year 2030. There is rising demand for electric cars in global market; in the year 2014 total demand was 740,000 (/cleantechnica.com, March). Availability of supporting Industries: It includes presence of suppliers of raw materials, proper availability of parts and equipments requirements. Availability of skilled labour, presence of iron and steel industry, high technology supports industry development(Porter, 1990). Firm Strategy, Rivalry and Structure : This country has shown excellence in automotive industry, there is presence of intense rivalry but the same it time it offers high sales, demand and strong brand image. It is the most developed industry with turnover of EUR 351 billion(GTI, 2013); it is number of market in Europe for automotive industry, both sales and production. It is also the most innovative sector with almost 33 percent of industry income dedicated to Rand D on technology and innovation. Government support: There is rising regulatory strictness on decreasing emission of harmful gases, fuel consumption and co2 emission by all vehicles need to be reduced. Germany has a target of reducing 34 million-ton reduction in CO2 by the year 2020 (www.gtai.de, 2015). Foreign Entry Strategies Business expansion require proper planning and choice of correct market entry strategy depending on company objective, nature of business, external environment, industry scenario, internal business environment etc. (Andersson, 2004). There is wide range of international market entry strategies, such as FDI, export, franchisee, licencing, joint venture, merger, acquisition, business alliance etc. section below discuss the market entry strategy selected by Tata Motors to enter Germany market, its advantages and constraints. Joint venture It is easy for Tata Motors to enter Germany due to its access in European region, it can sign a strategic alliance with any automobile company is Germany or any other European market. However, Joint venture is the key strategy opted by Tata Motors in the market. Joint venture involve is when two or more companies agrees to share their resources, business expertise and work to achieve a common goal(Y., 1999). This is a joint strategy that helps in diving risk and rewards between companies. Initial business of Tata Motors started with Joint Venture with Daimler Benz of Germany that helped the brand in manufacturing of commercial vehicles since 1954. Advantages Primary advantage for opt Joint venture is value maximization; it also facilitates in better task coordination. This strategy helps in expanding business through pooling of resources from different parties (Yan Zeng, 1999). As if an international brand sign a joint venture with local brand it helps in subsidizing market risk as local partner have fair market knowledge, industry practices, legal information with in-depth customer understanding. Joint venture also facilitate in enhancing overall business capacity and technical expertise, with broader market for product distribution (Yan Zeng, 1999). Constraints However, major risk involve in joint venture is loss of information and knowledge to other party; therefore if there is any conflict in future it might impact resources adversely. It is crucial to ensure a strong internal approval process by conducting proper investigation on the partner (UbreÃ…Â ¾iov Bujňkov, 2009). It include analysis on the financial strength of the firm such as working capital, equity, cash flow; second is resource capability of the firm; third is cultural evaluation, there must not be wide cultural gap as it might lead to internal conflict and employee unrest; fourth is evaluating the history of legal claims on the company and their past JV experiences with other companies (Y., 1999). Acquisition Acquisition is a process of integration of two or more organizations by purchase of assets and liabilities of selling firm by buying firm, in this context one firm have higher power over other firm (Depamphilis, 2010). It is also linked through its subsidiary companies in European market, as Tata Technologies Ltd a wholly owned subsidiary of Tata Motors, acquired majority of stakes in INCAT International Limited, this company supply engineering and design, product life cycle management to durable goods industries. In the year 2006, CEDIS Mechanical GmbH, Germany was acquired by INCAR which is also a design service provider helped the brand in making its market presence strong in Germany and whole of Europe (www.ibef.org, 2011). Exporting Tata Motors also adopted exporting strategy in Germany market; it is a process of selling goods manufactured in one country to another country. Tata Motors export Tata Safari Sports Utility Vehicle, Tata Indica range etc. This strategy helps in taking advantage of low cost manufacturing in different markets. Centralized production helps in giving proper control. However, there is problem in providing adequate customer support and hindrance caused by import regulations, quotas in different countries (Millington Baylis, 1990). However, Tata Motors enjoy cost advantage in India that helps in selling its product at low price. International Business Impacts and Contributions Product offered by Tata Motors help customers in meeting demand through quality design and cutting edge technology. It helps in supporting environmental friendly cause, reduction in carbon footprint, reduction in energy expenditure. Tata Motors also act as a responsible corporate citizen by developing CNG variants of their regular car models. Further this expansion also helped country in currency appreciation and tax benefit from the company. As Tata Motors also established its research and development unit in the new market, advancement gained from research also benefit other players in the market. FDI helps in brining capital inflow and growth in the market, it helps in strengthening local industry and also beneficial for the economy. UN global compact principles Organizations need to abide by certain global principles to ensure sustainability and abidance of their fundamental duties towards society. Four key areas of fundamental responsibilities include labour, environment, anti-corruption and human rights. Implementing these principles within strategic actions of the company helps in ensuring that company is fulfilling its responsibility towards planet, people and also help in its long term success. Environment There are three core principles that organizations need to implement for environmental development, it include supporting a precautionary approach towards environmental concerns; second is to promote environmental responsibility and third is to encourage development of environmental friendly technologies. All three principles are completely abided by Tata Motors. The company is a bearer of EMS 14001, environment protocol for conversion of environment. Tata Motors is highly committed towards UN global impact principles, through its internationalization and business operation, it has achieved the target of reduction in carbon emission by 48,620 with the use of renewable energy; 2.47 percent of income is spend on research and development (/ycharts.com, 2014). Home country impact influence of internationalization, India is an emerging market; it gives cost, technology and labour advantage to the company. Emergence of Tata Motors helped host country in availability of eco-friendly cars at very low price; though there are other players also in the market but Tata Motors offers the cheapest cars. It also provides best engineering design. Its renewable energy protects helps in reducing carbon emission and support climate change cause in the region. .Company currently focuses on environmental issues, it aims to control emission, reduce wastage. In future in needs to enhance its focus on anti-corruption issues due to rising concerns for une thical practices in the market. Labour Four principles that must be included for labour development include right to collective bargaining, anti-discriminatory practices, no forced labour and no child labour at all. Tata Motors follows strict anti-discriminatory laws, it implement diversion and inclusive policy. It also prohibits child labour and forced labour in the organization, security personnel have been trained to put a strict vigilance on the same. It also helped in creating employment opportunities in the market; through expansion and export, acquisition Tata expanded its business which helps in creating new job opportunities in the market. Further, Tata Motors hire employees from local market as they have better understanding of market, customer, it also help in reducing inter organizational conflict. Conclusion Major findings from the paper shows the way business expansion facilitates in achieving competitiveness in market; company can also get cost advantage and competitive advantage over its competitors. Germany market offers political, economic and environmental support to the company; there is availability of technology which helps Tata Motors in strengthening its business operations. Different market entry strategies opted by Tata Motors include exporting, acquisition and joint venture. Tata Motors helped Germany automotive market in launching environmental friendly cars. Further, such internalization strategies are beneficial for both host and home countries as both regions gain benefit from FDI inflow, knowledge, technology, development, environmental growth. Globalization have strong impact on different business in the market, it has made the industry environment dynamic which makes organizational sustainability difficult and complex. Therefore companies need to reinvent their busin ess strategies through internationalization, strategic alliance by enhancing scope of their business, market and customer segment. This paper shows the way Tata Motors made its strong presence in different global market, especially Europe and Germany. It also shows the way host country business opportunities impact organizational decisions. This internationalization strategy helped Tata Motors to grow their business, enhance their profitability, sustainability, market scope; it was also helpful for the host country as it bought emergence of new technology, cheap products availability and new business opportunities in the market. Bibliography /cleantechnica.com. (March, 2015 28). Electric Car Demand Growing, Global Market Hits 740,000 Units. Retrieved September 18, 2016, from /cleantechnica.com: https://cleantechnica.com/2015/03/28/ev-demand-growing-global-market-hits-740000-units/ /ycharts.com. (2014). Tata Motors Research and Development Expense . Retrieved September 18, 2016, from /ycharts.com: https://ycharts.com/companies/TTM/r_and_d_expense Andersson, S. (2004). Internationalization in different industrial contexts. Journal of Business Venturing, 851875. Day, S. (1994). The Capabilities of Market Driven Organizations. Journal of Marketing, 37-52. Depamphilis, D. (2010). Mergers and Acquisitions Basics: All You Need to Know. Burlington: Academic Press. GTI. (2013). The Automotive Industry in Germany. Berlin: Germany Trade Invest. Gupta, S. (2010). International Business Management : Multinational Management. New Delhi: Ane Books Pvt Ltd. KorsakienÄ—a, R., TvaronaviÄ ienÄ—a, M. (2012). The internationalization of SMEs: an integrative approach. Journal of Business Economics and Management , 294-307. Luo, Y. (1999). Entry and Cooperative Strategies in International Business Expansion. West port: Greenwood Publishing Group. Luo, Y., Tung, R. L. (2011). International expansion of emerging market enterprises: A springboard perspective. Journal of International Business Studies, 481-498. Millington, A. I., Baylis, B. T. (1990). The Process of Internationalisation: UK Companies in the EC. Management International Review, 30(2), 151-161. Osswald, S. (2007). Businesses Existing in the Industry and the Government Policies Impacting on the Industry. Berlin: GRIN Verlag. Porter, M. E. (1990). Competitive Advantage of Nations. London: Free Press. Roux, M. L. (2006, November). South Africa: Tata Ready to Gear Up, But is It On the Right Road? Retrieved Septeber 18, 2016, from https://allafrica.com/stories/200611030713.html: https://allafrica.com/stories/200611030713.html straitstimes.com. (2015). German population tops 81 million after big influx of migrants. Retrieved September 7, 2016, from www.straitstimes.com: https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/german-population-tops-81-million-after-big-influx-of-migrants Tata Motors. (2012). 6th Annual Report 2011-2012. Delhi: Tata Motors. Tata Motors. (2013). Tata Motors new emax Range. India: TML. Tata Motors Limited. (2012). Company Profile. Mumbai: Tata. TML. (2012). Tata Motors: 67th Annual Report. Jamshedpur: Tata. UbreÃ…Â ¾iov, Bujňkov, M. (2009). International business and the reasons of the internationalization activities in the Slovak agri-food complex: The case study of the Slovak milk processing industry. Agriculture economics , 605-610. unctad.org. (2014). World investment report 2014. Retrieved September 18, 2016, from unctad.org: https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2014_en.pdf Williams, D. E. (1992). Motives for retailer internationalization: their impact, structure and implications. Journal of marketing management, 295-310. www.gtai.de. (2015). INDUSTRY OVERVIEW The Automotive Industry in Germany. 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International joint venture instability: A critique of previous research, a reconceptualization, and directions for future research. Journal of International Business Studies,, 30(1), 397-414.

Summer Love Essay Example

Summer Love Essay It didn’t begin as a romance, really. It wasn’t a friendship, either. I don’t really know what to call it, but I do remember the first time I ever saw her. I was young; maybe eleven or twelve. It was so odd that she struck me so much, at first glance. Eleven or twelve is not exactly the age that boys begin admiring girls.   I know I wasn’t looking for a girlfriend. I was outside playing with my buddies, Ricky and Josh. We were building a fort out of some cardboard boxes that dad had found from work. It was what we always did after school. It was while we were putting the last box in its place that I heard this laughter coming from the sidewalk. It was unlike anything I had ever heard before. It was kind of musical, but also a little taunting. â€Å"Is that what you do around here for fun?† asked this lanky, blonde hair, blue eyed girl. Very rarely can you remember what someone says word-for-word, but I will always remember the words of this mysterious girl. All three of us boys gawked at her. She was not like the other girls that we teased at school. They were cute usually wore pigtails or braids that we tugged on to get their attention, but this girl; she was not cute at all. Not really cute. She was pretty. She had rosy cheeks instead of the freckled ones that we usually saw. She was wearing make-up and had one clothes t hat looked too old for her age. We will write a custom essay sample on Summer Love specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Summer Love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Summer Love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She told us that her name was Annie. She did not tell me her last name. She told us that she was from New York City and was only in our small town for the summer, staying with her aunt and uncle. I don’t remember what I said back to her that first time she spoke to us. I wanted it to be something clever, something sarcastic, but it was something terribly dull. As dull, apparently, as she thought our town was. The next day, I told Ricky and Josh that I did not feel like playing â€Å"fort† anymore. I told them that it was for kids. I wasn’t a kid anymore. Instead, I waited upstairs in my room and looked out of the window that overlooked our front yard. From our front yard, I could see Annie’s aunt and uncle’s house. She was walking outside, so I ran down the stairs to go outside, stopping at a mirror near the door to make sure my hair was smoothed down and that my collar was straight. I usually let my hair fly however it wanted to, but not in front of Annie. I went outside and leaned against the house, trying to look like I imagined the boys looked in New York City; uncaring and cool. She walked by and stopped. She stared at me, but I was not going to give her the satisfaction of being the first to say something. Especially since I had no clue what I should say. I had not thought that far ahead. â€Å"So where are Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dumb?† she asked. She was talking about Josh and Ricky. I shrugged, and kicked the ground, or something as equally cool and uncaring as that. â€Å"So, where can I girl get a soda in this dump?† She asked, hands on her hips. I was in love. She was a little rude, loud, and annoying, but she was the best thing I had ever seen. It was the beginning of a summer romance. At least, to me it was a romance. I am still not sure why Annie decided to hang around me when there were plenty of local beefy jocks that would have loved to have spent summer with her. I never asked her. I was just glad that for some reason, I was chosen. That was one of the best summers of my life. Ricky and Josh were not really happy, because I rarely had time to be around them, anymore. Annie and her crazy ideas kept me busy. For a girl who complained so much about my hometown, she certainly found plenty to do in it. We went horseback riding—something she had only read about, shopping at our small mall (her idea, not mine), went skinny dipping in a lake (my idea, not hers), and had many mini-adventures. I think that even though she was used to the big city, she had as much of an amazing summer as I did. She was so modern and cool – unlike any girl I had ever met before.   Instead of reading Seventeen, or some other silly magazine that girls read, she enjoyed reading the New York Times, particularly the movie reviews. She loved movies and could quote them like some people quote poetry. â€Å"’Why do you want to fight?’† she would ask me. I knew my cue was â€Å"’Because I can’t sing or dance.’† Rocky was among her favorite movies. â€Å"’I think we make a great couple of coconuts. I am dumb, you are shy, what do you think?’† was another one that I said to make her laugh. Weird for a girl to like Rocky 1 instead of Pretty in Pink, but I wasn’t complaining. The only thing bad about our summer was that even though every day with Annie was fun, I knew that eventually the summer would end and she would have to go back to New York City. That day came and she did not even say goodbye. I went to her aunt and uncle’s house and they told me that they had taken her to the airport early that morning.   I never saw Annie again. Her aunt and uncle moved shortly after that summer. It was one of the best summers of my life, but it happened so fast and ended so fast that sometimes I wonder if it was just a dream. If it was a dream, or if I had been in heaven, then Annie had been an angel. Either way, I will never forget that summer, or Annie from New York City.

How To Make a Model of the Lungs

How To Make a Model of the Lungs Constructing a lung model is an excellent way to learn about the respiratory system and how the lungs function. The lungs are respiratory organs that are vital to the breathing process and necessary to acquire life-giving oxygen. They provide a place for gas exchange between air from the outside environment and gases in the blood. Gas exchange occurs at lung alveoli (tiny air sacs), as carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen. This oxygen is then delivered to the tissues and cells of the body by the circulatory system. Breathing is an involuntary process that is regulated by a region of the brain called the medulla oblongata. Building your own lung model will help you to gain a better understanding of how the lungs work! What You Need Scissors3 Large balloons2 Rubber bandsElectrical tapePlastic 2-liter bottleFlexible plastic tubing - 8 inchesY-shaped hose connector Heres How Gather together materials listed under the What You Need section above.Fit the plastic tubing into one of the openings of the hose connector. Use the tape to make an airtight seal around the area where the tubing and the hose connector meet.Place a balloon around each of the remaining 2 openings of the hose connector. Tightly wrap the rubber bands around the balloons where the balloons and hose connector meet. The seal should be airtight.Measure two inches from the bottom of the 2-liter bottle and cut the bottom off.Place the balloons and hose connector structure inside the bottle, threading the plastic tubing through the neck of the bottle.Use the tape to seal the opening where the plastic tubing goes through the narrow opening of the bottle at the neck. The seal should be airtight.Tie a knot at the end of the remaining balloon and cut the large part of the balloon in half horizontally.Using the balloon half with the knot, stretch the open end over the bottom of the bottle.Gently pu ll down on the balloon from the knot. This should cause air to flow into the balloons within your lung model. Release the balloon with the knot and watch as the air is expelled from your lung model. Tips When cutting the bottom of the bottle, make sure to cut it as smoothly as possible.When stretching the balloon over the bottom of the bottle, make sure it is not loose but fits tightly. Process Explained The purpose of assembling this lung model is to demonstrate what happens when we breathe. In this model, structures of the respiratory system are represented as follows: plastic bottle chest cavityplastic tubing tracheaY-shaped connector bronchiballoons inside bottle lungsballoon covering the bottom of bottle diaphragm The chest cavity is the body chamber (bounded by the spine, rib cage, and breast bone) that provides a protective environment for the lungs. The trachea, or windpipe, is a tube the extends from the larynx (voice box) down into the chest cavity, where it splits into two smaller tubes called bronchi. The trachea and bronchi function to provide a pathway for air to enter into and exit the lungs. Within the lungs, the air is directed into tiny air sacs (alveoli) that serve as the sites of gas exchange between the blood and external air. The breathing process (inhalation and exhalation) relies heavily on the muscular diaphragm, which separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and works to expand and contract the chest cavity. What Happens When I Pull Down on the Balloon? Pulling down on the balloon at the bottom of the bottle (step 9) illustrates what happens when the diaphragm contracts and the respiratory muscles move outward. Volume increases in the chest cavity (bottle), which lowers air pressure in the lungs (balloons inside the bottle). The decrease of pressure in the lungs causes air from the environment to be drawn through the trachea (plastic tubing) and bronchi (Y-shaped connector) into the lungs. In our model, the balloons within the bottle expand as they fill with air. What Happens When I Release the Balloon? Releasing the balloon at the bottom of the bottle (step 10) demonstrates what happens when the diaphragm relaxes. The volume within the chest cavity decreases, forcing air out of the lungs. In our lung model, the balloons within the bottle contract to their original state as the air within them is expelled.

Psychology Of The Internet Essays - Social Psychology, Collaboration

Psychology Of The Internet Essays - Social Psychology, Collaboration Psychology Of The Internet The Psychology of the Internet A Report on the Book by Patricia Wallace Summary of the Book Today, the internet is a growing community. Millions of people from all over the world go online everyday to check email, research, shop, or even just interact with someone halfway around the world. As this community grows, so does the number of interactions between people. The Psychology of the Internet examines the psychology of new behavior produced by this novel method of human communication. It also delves into the business sector of the internet and how certain companies are using this medium to increase productivity within their companies and corporations. Analysis of the Book The book provides several examples of how the internet can affect the quality of an organizations production. When used in the appropriate manner, the internet can facilitate interaction between a group 24 hours a day and is only limited by the availability of a telephone line. The idea that a person must be in work and at his desk for production is becoming more obsolete as companies realize the potential of the internet. One impressive way the internet can help companies is the workgroups that can be formed internationally. A workgroup is a group of employees striving to achieve the same objective. In the traditional sense, these groups are formed in a room with notepads for each person to help them brainstorm and meetings at regular intervals until the project is complete. The internet revolution is changing all of that. The workgroups are no longer governed by the geographical positioning of its members. I found this particularly interesting because the idea of having a supervisor in Manila, a Research and Development team in Cebu, and a sales group in the United States is becoming more of a feasible possibility than ever before. The internet can also help employees overcome inhibitions that they may not be able to in person. This is due, in part, to the amount of social cues that are lost over a computer. In a chat room, for example, the two employees might know nothing about each other, other than the information they provide about themselves. Therefore, any type of social stereotypes (i.e. sexism, racism, bigotry) is less prevalent than if perceived in the real world. If the employees have never met, social irritations may not be as readily triggered than if in person. For example, if I am irritated by a person who stutters when he speaks, the chances that he will do so over the internet are relatively low. This allows me to concentrate solely on the task at hand and not be distracted by insignificant things. The book speaks of how the internet groups, in the absence of social cues and orders, had to find a group identity online. In other words, the lack of social cues also has its drawbacks. Even if the members of the workgroups concede personal information about themselves, such as their race or ethnicity, the other members might have no physical basis for the connection. So if I wanted to bond with a co-worker who was a Filipino in California, I would more likely do it in person than online. This is due to the lack of human contact and the perception that I am merely interacting with my computer and not a real person. With this in mind, workgroups must find new bases for forming group coherence. The book speaks of the studying of several different multinational workgroups. All were given the same objectives to be completed in a given amount of time. However, only a few of the groups completed the task while only one group did it in the allotted amount of time. The study showed that the groups that failed lacked consistent interaction. After the initial meeting, the members of the group did not log on regularly to converse with the group. Emails were exchanged intermittently among these groups as well. The book states that the main reason these groups failed was that the interaction, already reduced by the lack of human interaction on the computer, was limited to almost nothing. On the other hand, the group that fared the best was noted as having the most email interaction and regular group

Contemporary Social Policy for Young Children in the UK Research Paper

Contemporary Social Policy for Young Children in the UK - Research Paper Example Some of the policies are fashioned specifically for groups in the society: the elderly, the children, the adults, the disabled, and similar other social and age groupings in terms of services like social housing, education, health, and social works (Alcock, Payne, and Sullivan, 2004). Social policies for children experiencing poor, abusive, or abandoned conditions have also been conceptualized. Most of these policies have been planned or set-up as a means to protect and secure the welfare of these children. These policies shall now be analyzed and evaluated in this paper. Particular focus shall be given to policies which relate to child poverty, child abuse, and looked after children. This paper is being conducted in the hope of establishing a clear and comprehensive understanding of the condition of children and the policies being set forth to protect and secure their welfare. Discussion In general, the UK has adopted the following international policies as set forth by the UN Conve ntion on the Rights of the Child to care for the welfare of children. Article 27 sets forth that states have the responsibility of supporting the right of each child to â€Å"a standard of living adequate for the child’s physical, mental, spiritual, moral, and social development† (UNCRC, 1990).   Article 26 also sets forth that the government must protect the child’s right to benefit from social security, social insurance, and it should take the necessary precautions to achieve the full realization of such right (UNCRC, 1990).  

Why apply to the University of Central Florida Essay

Why apply to the University of Central Florida - Essay Example I realized that only through strong progress and high academic standards would I have the opportunity to pursue my education at the collegiate level. This desire to attend college was instilled in me by my parents and society, as the prevailing wisdom was and continues to be that attending college is necessary if one is to find their place in the contemporary work place. Growing up in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico until the age of ten, the pressure to attain a higher education and excel was also instilled in me by the trends of social pressure, as my friends and immediate surroundings conditioned me to understand that without a college degree I would be considered a less accomplished individual. These reasons fueled my passion and drive. During my sophomore year of high school, my drive towards academic excellence became a matter of peer pressure. It was in this paradigm that I initially was drawn to the biological sciences. I considered how a career in medicine or a similarly related field could eventually result in a lucrative profession. I honed and excelled in these studies as I believed this would afford me access to a quality education that would further advance this goal. I adamantly pursued my investigation into the biologic sciences as well as my overall education with this in mind, achieving high grades and maintaining standards well above the average of many of my immediate peers. My father is in the military so I moved around every two years and explored different cultures and people. Moving after my sophomore year I continued my educational journey in a new community at a new school. I gained exposure to a variety of ideas and started to view life and education from a new perspective. I realized that education means more than just success and future career prospects -- that the nature of education and knowledge is oftentimes an end in itself. That is to say that I've gradually realized that there is much more to knowledge than achieving a lucrative profess ion. As my perspective on education changed, so did my interests. Searching out new writers and ideas, I developed a new love for education, particularly the sciences. While I previously viewed them as a means to a career, I have now developed an appreciation for the insight they provide to the human condition. I also gained a new appreciation for community involvement. As a high school student I became highly involved in my own community through engaging in a variety of volunteer activities. I am fluently bilingual, speaking both Spanish and English and have found this a valuable resource for volunteer service. Volunteering is now one of my most enjoyed pursuits, as I sincerely appreciate working with and helping others. I’d like to continue my intellectual journey through studying medicine at the University of Central Florida and harness my knowledge and interests in a meaningful way. During my time of study at the University I will bring the same dedication to area involve ment to the greater Orlando community. In visiting the University, I was struck by the diversity and culturally rich environment. I realize I would make an excellent candidate for the University of Central Florida and make a significant contribution to this community. While Orlando, Florida is well established as a tourist destination, I’m excited that the city also contains a breadth of opportunity and potential. Now I stand at the threshold of a new journey and instead of looking back I am looking forward. I have made a significant amount of intellectual progress and emotional development from my days as a boy in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, and adolescence as a military brat traveling throughout the United States. Looking ahead on this journey I am intent on making my adult life as fruitful

Economics and Globalization Essay Example for Free

Economics and Globalization Essay Everyday you hear it on the news, you read it in the papers, you overhear people talking about itand in every single instance the world globalization seems to have a different meaning. So, what is globalization?, there were a lot of debate about this issue. At a top political and economic level, globalization is the process of denationalization of market, political and legal systems. The consequences of this political and economic restructuring on local economies, human welfare and environment are the subject of an open debate among international organizations, governmental institutions and the academic world. (7, www.globalization.com/intro.cfm) What is globalization? Is it the integration of economic, political, and cultural systems across the globle? Or is it Americanization and United States dominance of world affairs? Is globalization a force of economic growth, prosperity, and democratic freedom? Or is it a force for environmental devastation, exploitation of the developing world, and suppression of human rights?( www.globalization101.org) Globalization is not a phenomenon it is not just some passing trend. today it is an overarching international system shaping the domestic politics and foreign relations of virtually every country, and we need to understand it as such. Globalization is much like fire. Fire itself is neither good or bad. Used properly, it can cook good, sterilize equipment, from iron, and heat our homes. Used carelessly , fire can destroy lives, towns and forests in an instant. As friedman says :globalization can be incredibly empowering and incredibly coercive it can democratize opportunity and democratize panic. It makes the whales bigger and the minnows stronger. It leaves you behind faster and faster, and it catches up to you faster and faster. While it is homogenizing cultures, it is also enabling people to share their unique individuality farther and wider.*+(web) But the question here what is driving globalization?, globalization Is driven by the strategic responses of firms as they exploit market opprtunties and adapt to change in their technological and institutional environment, and attempt to steer these changes to their advantage. The O E C D groups the factors shaping globalization into four general categories, which are inter-linked: -firm behavior : Strategic , pre-emptive and imitative behavior. Exploitation of competitive advantages: use of superior technology , organization, production or marketing. Consolidation of competitive advantages: gain access to highly skilled people, advanced technological and commercial infrastructure, lower Labour costs, and raw material. Organizational changes; adoption of lean production methods and more horizontal internal and external organizational structure. -Technology Related factors declining computing, communication, co-ordination and transport costs. Increasing importance of R D , coupled with rising R D costs. Shortening product lives. Shortening of limitation time lags. Rapid growth of knowledge -intensive industries. Increasing customization of both intermediate and finished goods. Increasing importance of customer oriented services. Economic factors Availability of key production factors Productivity differentials. Fluctuations in exchange rates. Differences in the business cycle. Catching up by lagging economies. (changing paradigms , Thomas Claake and stewaat clegg, p90)). But according to Thomas Friedman in his book Lexus and the Olive tree he explains three major factoes for the spread of globalization: Which are -the democratization of tecngology. the democratization of finance. -the democratization of information. International expansion has been driven by firm strategies based on their technologies and organizational advantages shaped by a number of factors of government policies,  technological factors driving expansion include the rapid growth of knowledge intensive industries which are foreign investment intensive industries which are foreign investment intensive use intra firm trade intensively and  collaborate externally in development the need to recop growing R D costs find highly trained and skilled workers and organize production more efficiently underpinned by declining communication and transport costs. Increase importance of customer sevice. Macroeconomic factors include market development in different countries and region. Avalibility of key production factors, product differentials, fluctuation in exchange ates, differences in business cycle, catching up by lagging economies. Government policies , significant influence firm strategies by liberalizing capital investment and trade flows, promptly regional integration and promptly competitiveness. Trade policy of liberalization of trade and invested are enabling factors which have driven global expansion and increased the integration of production and markets.competiton policies(changing paradigms , Thomas Claake and stewaat clegg, p90)). Second, the techmolgy, people have been able to travel the world for the past 500 years, the difference now is that they are connected immediately.Th internet boom in 1990 made people relaise that business could operate more or less unconstrained by geography, 24 a day , 7 days a week , 365 day a year. This new faster moving changing business environment have driven companies of all sizes to organize themselves into smaller more responsive , focused unti. The faster that drives globalization is making behavior is more tribal. John Nasibih, author of global pardox argues that the more we become economically interdependent the more we hold on to what constitute our core basic identity. Implementing a homogenized western culture, such countries as indousia , Russia , france have passed laws to preserve their identity. Matters are further complicaty by the shift from trdational nation states to network. The role of diasporas in developing the economic and political fortunes of many counties is significant . See the role of the chiness  dispopora in driving the economic development of many asian states. Technology is driving a global changing in many other areas, affecting the context of strategic decisions.Laura DSndrea Tyson, dean of London Bsuiness School and a leading economic adviser to Bill Clinton from 1996 to 2000, highlighted the main forces driving globalization: The basic factor driving is technology .its trite to day but its true ./ the two major development taking place in the world are demographic and interconnectedness. Interconnectedness is about transportation and communication and that driven bytechnolgy. Demographic is actually about biotechnolgyical science. (Kourdi, BUSINESS STRATEGY) Tecnhlogy did not inevent a new business paradigm but it has transformed business opening up a multi trade of ways to add value, increase sale, reduce costs and manage more efficiently. Understanding the nature of this transformation is valuable for decision making. An information firestorm rages in most business and how it is manges is crucial to success. A consequenceas of the increase in line activity is that information can be leverages to create new sources of value . it is important to combine the power of information and technology qwith common sense approach to management. So tech. And infor, are very importat factor what also effect the economy which also cause globalization. (Kourdi, Business strategy).

Essay --

Natural limits and man-made regulations make businessman to look for markets in a foreign country to expand and develop. Globalization is taking away all the barriers between countries offering more successful trading ways with both increased efficiency and decreased costs. Risk involved in doing business with unaffiliated parties puts the parties in unsecured position. Thus, they look for third parties to rely on and to act properly on their behalves in case of unexpected conditions. International Banking stands at the center of these processes by acting as a reliable third party. An International Bank with 6000 offices and many branches UzBank Group, having wide range of information about the global markets, is concerned to help local organizations to manage trading successfully. Trade is an exchange of goods or services while The International trade is when supplier of goods or services performs activities beyond her home country. Nowadays, corporations prefer to trade world wid ely instead of limiting their performance with local market. The reason is that International trade brings various benefits to both business firms and countries: First of all, International trade boosts development and generates growth by allowing exchanging knowledge, standards, and best practices of skills and techniques globally and using the best that fits well. Moreover, Country’s Shortage and high costs become avoidable. Scarcity in availability of raw materials or expensive labor force in local market is exempted. Obtaining the raw materials at relatively lower price than local market can reduce the cost of doing business. In case of illiquid Local markets clients can benefit by Easy access of acquiring financing by entering into highly li... ... terms and condition which may cause future disputes or Documentation risk †¢ Acknowledge the buyers culture and accept cultural differences to keep friendly based business partner. †¢ Foreign exchange risk can be mitigated as the same way as advised for the Buyers. UzBank overseas branch help by offering forward or option foreign exchange contracts to hedge against the risk. And do the business in one currency. †¢ Obtaining sufficient insurance coverage from the side of Uzbank branches can help clients to decrease the level of transit risk. A representative bank of the Uz Bank Group in buyers country help with insurance of accounts receivables in case of non-payment or non-acceptance †¢ If financing in needed for producing process, seller should use fixed interest rate loans or interest rate swaps in order not have interest rate problems even if hey fluctuate. 5 Essay -- Natural limits and man-made regulations make businessman to look for markets in a foreign country to expand and develop. Globalization is taking away all the barriers between countries offering more successful trading ways with both increased efficiency and decreased costs. Risk involved in doing business with unaffiliated parties puts the parties in unsecured position. Thus, they look for third parties to rely on and to act properly on their behalves in case of unexpected conditions. International Banking stands at the center of these processes by acting as a reliable third party. An International Bank with 6000 offices and many branches UzBank Group, having wide range of information about the global markets, is concerned to help local organizations to manage trading successfully. Trade is an exchange of goods or services while The International trade is when supplier of goods or services performs activities beyond her home country. Nowadays, corporations prefer to trade world wid ely instead of limiting their performance with local market. The reason is that International trade brings various benefits to both business firms and countries: First of all, International trade boosts development and generates growth by allowing exchanging knowledge, standards, and best practices of skills and techniques globally and using the best that fits well. Moreover, Country’s Shortage and high costs become avoidable. Scarcity in availability of raw materials or expensive labor force in local market is exempted. Obtaining the raw materials at relatively lower price than local market can reduce the cost of doing business. In case of illiquid Local markets clients can benefit by Easy access of acquiring financing by entering into highly li... ... terms and condition which may cause future disputes or Documentation risk †¢ Acknowledge the buyers culture and accept cultural differences to keep friendly based business partner. †¢ Foreign exchange risk can be mitigated as the same way as advised for the Buyers. UzBank overseas branch help by offering forward or option foreign exchange contracts to hedge against the risk. And do the business in one currency. †¢ Obtaining sufficient insurance coverage from the side of Uzbank branches can help clients to decrease the level of transit risk. A representative bank of the Uz Bank Group in buyers country help with insurance of accounts receivables in case of non-payment or non-acceptance †¢ If financing in needed for producing process, seller should use fixed interest rate loans or interest rate swaps in order not have interest rate problems even if hey fluctuate. 5

How skilful communication influence patients’ health behaviours

Abstract This essay analyses how skilful communication can influence the health behaviours of the patients. It looks at the importance of communication in healthcare and the different models of communication available to the healthcare personnel. These professionals need to decide on the model to use in order to ensure that they persuade the patients to change their health decisions by adhering to all the recommendations given to them Introduction Effective communication between healthcare personnel and the patients is important in clinical function as well as building a therapeutic relationship between them and the patients. Much of the dissatisfaction registered by patients and their failure to change their health behaviours are as a result of the breakdown of their relationship with the health care providers (Bryan 2009, p.75). However, many doctors often tend to overestimate their ability to effectively communicate with the patients thereby exacerbating the problem. Skilful communication and interpersonal skills encompasses the ability of healthcare professionals to gather information and use it to advise the patients appropriately with a view of influencing their health behaviours (Webb 2011, p. 57). This essay covers how skilful communication influences the health behaviour of patients. Healthcare Communication Communication is an important clinical skill that is very essential to clinical competence. The components of communication include non-verbal behaviours, listening and attending skills. All healthcare professionals need to understand the basic anatomy and physiology of communication (Bryan 2009, p. 66). They need to understand the variables that affect reception, processing and expression. A good comprehension of communication on delivery of healthcare is important in influencing health behaviour of the patients. They also need to understand the multicultural context in which the communication process occurs because it affects the manner in which the patients perceive the disseminated information. This should be in tandem with a good comprehension of therapeutic responses as they are significant in care management, increasing patient awareness and capacity for self-care and personal health management (Van 2009, p. 101). Models of Healthcare Communication Human beings often respond to illness and health differently, for instance some may choose to ignore or deny health threats while others face the threats by collecting the necessary information and acting accordingly and appropriately (Muller 2001, p. 88). There are different models designed to help understand the ways in which healthcare professionals interact with particular health outcomes. All these models contribute towards the successful understanding of communication in healthcare. These models are as follows: the therapeutic model, king’s interactive model, the developmental model, health belief model, health belief model for compliance, and the model for participative decision making (Jones & Jenkins 2007, p. 18). ). The therapeutic model puts emphasis on the importance of relationships in assisting the patients to adjust to their current conditions and take positive measures aimed at improving their health. The model emphasises on dyadic communication and the level of success is dependent on respect, trust, genuineness and non-judgemental attitude (Eisenberg 2012, p. 45).The healthy belief model explains how healthy people seek to avoid illnesses by outlining the nature of people’s preventative healthcare. The model is designed to indicate how personal health behaviours are influenced by perceived threats and benefits. It emphasises on perceptions and beliefs that can be modified to result in changed health behaviour. In this model communication is perceived as an essential tool for influencing the behaviour of the patients. The health belief model for compliance is an expansion of the health belief model and it includes the beliefs of patients that are already suffering from illnesses and have to comply with treatment. It aims at predicting compliance of patients to treatment to assist healthcare professionals in designing interventions to suit the needs of individual patients (Hugman 2009, p. 33). The King’s interaction model explains the communication between a nurse and a patient. It incorporates transactional aspects of human communication and the need for feedback. The model regards the trust between the nurse and the patient as vital in the effectiveness of the communication process. The model for participative decision making for patient doctor interaction postulates that when clients don’t get enough information from doctors or when there are communication barriers then they are likely to reject the treatment or decrease compliance (Eisenberg 2012, p.24). Therefore, the patients are supposed to be fully informed on their conditions and all the available options for treatment. The development model for health communication focuses on the communication occurring within the various relationships in healthcare settings. Its emphasis is on how different factors and contexts influence the interactions between different individuals in health communication. All the participants have their own pers pectives based on their individual beliefs and values. These perspectives influence the choice of the participants to interact with the others and as such healthcare personnel must always have this in mind (Hugman 2009, p.71). Importance of Skilful Communication as an Aspect of Care In an attempt to show the importance of communication in healthcare delivery, it is apparent that communication and healthcare delivery are indivisible. Delivery of healthcare to the patients encompasses more than just the administration of drugs. Healthcare delivery has moved from the task oriented practice it was in the past towards a therapeutic process that involves a wide range of roles focused on the health of the individual patients, their health and wellbeing (Tamparo & Lindh 2008, p. 69). The therapeutic effect of good communication between healthcare professionals and patients on healthcare delivery cannot be ignored. Provision of social support to the patients reassures them and can even lower blood pressure. Patients regard the health professionals who communicate effectively at an emotional level as warm, caring and empathetic. This enables the patients to engender trust in them and encourages them to disclose worries and concerns that they would have otherwise not have disclosed. In addition to this, useful and informative communication between the healthcare professionals and the patients encourages them to take more interest in their condition, ask pertinent questions and develop greater understanding and self-care (Jones & Jenkins 2007, p.38). It is this interest and understanding of the importance of self-care that drives the patients to positively change their health behaviours. This happens especially when the patients are allowed to ask questions and are involved in treatment decisions. The patients also experience benefits when the health professionals provide a good environment, give accurate information, use therapeutic communication and encourage positive motivation (Nemeth 2008, p. 93). Therefore good communication in the relationship between healthcare professionals and patients is an important tool for therapeutic intervention as well as good care. Basic communication skills alone are not sufficient to create and sustain successful therapeutic relationship between the patients and the healthcare providers. Successful therapeutic relationships are made up of shared perceptions and feelings on the nature of the problem, objectives of treatment and psychological support. Interpersonal skills develop from the basic communication between the doctors, nurses and other carers with the patients. Appropriate communication should be centred on both the carers and the patients as both sides are important in building and sustaining interpersonal relationships. The ultimate goal of any communication between the medical personnel and the patients is always to improve the health of the patients and medical care. Good communication skills are required for developing a high quality, effective and safe healthcare delivery. The skills are important for gathering information, diagnosis, treatment and educating the patients (Nemeth 2008, p.55). Eff ective communication benefits both the doctors and the patients because they are part of the treatment process. Previous studies on communication between the patients and doctors and nurses demonstrate that many patients are discontented even when the doctors and nurses consider it sufficient or excellent (Pilnick et al 2010, p 47). This implies that doctors and nurses often tend to overestimate their communication abilities. Patient surveys consistently indicate that the want the communication between them and the healthcare personnel to be improved (Tamparo & Lindh 2008, p.88). In the past most of the medical personnel considered disclosing bad news to patients as inhumane and detrimental to their medical condition. However, medical practice has now evolved from paternalism to individualism and is now characterised by shared decision making and communication that is centred on the patients. Effective communication between the doctors and the patients is very important in clinical function because it plays a central role in healthcare delivery. Perhaps the most significant importance of communication in influencing health behaviour of the patients stems from the fact that the nature of health care is changing from treatment of illnesses to management of chronic disease as more and more people are now living with survivable chronic illnesses (Van 2009, p.74). This implies that the healthcare professionals need to encourage the patients to take good care of their health. For instance the patients living with diabetes are required to manage their blood sugar levels. Quality of life is more important to healthcare as patients are now living longer with chronic illnesses like cancer and bipolar disorders. Therefore treatment choice is now more dependent on the individual patients and must suit their preferences, values and expectations. Conclusion Communication is an important tool that healthcare personnel can use to pass useful information to the patients. Well educated patients and their families need to be informed to make important health decisions in order to attain the aims of managed healthcare. Healthcare professionals need to disseminate relevant and persuasive information to the patients to help them change their health behaviours. They can rely on the models of healthcare communication to communicate to the patients based on their individual characteristics. References Bryan, K. (2009). Communication in healthcare. Oxford [England: Peter Lang. Eisenberg, A. M. (2012). Prescriptive communication for the healthcare provider. S.l.: Trafford On Demand Pub. Hugman, B. (2009). Healthcare communication. London: Pharmaceutical Press. Jones, R., & Jenkins, F. (2007). Key topics in healthcare management: Understanding the big picture. Oxford: Radcliffe. Muller, P. (2001). Healthcare communication: A rhetorical handbook. San Jose: Writers Club Press. Nemeth, C. P. (2008). Improving healthcare team communication: Building on lessons from aviation and aerospace. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. Pilnick, A., Hindmarsh, J., & Gill, V. T. (2010). Communication in Healthcare Settings: Policy, Participation and New Technologies. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. Tamparo, C. D., & Lindh, W. Q. (2008). Therapeutic communications for health care. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning. Van, S. G. M. (2009). Communication skills for the health care professional: Concepts, practice, and evidence. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Webb, L. (2011). Nursing: Communication skills in practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Karl Marx and Marxist Class Struggle

Marxist Approach Marx’s Beliefs: Philosophy was meant to be used as a tool to bring about change. The capitalist system caused the alienation of the workers, therefore causing them not to be able to live to the fullest http://ragingdove12603. tripod. com/id13. html Queen, Plaid, and Big Tall Goony-Goony walk into A&P in â€Å"nothing but bathing suits†, and don’t â€Å"even have shoes on†. The girls walking in â€Å"naked† and â€Å"barefoot† can represent a Marxist class struggle. Sammy’s high admiration and observance from behind the cashier towards these girls in the story portrays a Marxist class struggle. He views the girls, especially Queenie, as superior and high-class, and compares himself and the place he works in as â€Å"crummy†. In this case, it’s Sammy who is â€Å"the working-class†, and he tries doing something about his position/status by quitting his job for these high-class girls. He doesn’t see working at A&P or his manager Lengal as desirable as he sees the class of these girls. He struggles in the end with his decision: â€Å"Looking back in the big windows . . . I could see Lengel in my place in the slot . . . and my stomach kind of fell as I felt how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter. Feminist Approach: Sammy as a possible girl â€Å"Being naked approaches being revolutionary; going barefoot is mere populism† – John Updike Populism is a â€Å"political philosophy supporting the rights and power of the people in their struggle against the privileged elite. † â€Å"You know, it’s one thing to have a girl in a bathing suit on the beach . . . and another thing in the cool of the A&P, under the fluorescent lights . . . with her feet paddling along naked over our checkerboard green-and-cream rubber-tile floor. Perhaps Sammy emphasizes â€Å"her† descriptions of the three girls, because she admires their revolution of having to be working women/women under â€Å"policy† and desires their courage and freedom to be â€Å"different†. Or perhaps Sammy desires the freedom and luxury (power) the girls have. By entering A&P â€Å"naked† and â€Å"barefoot† the girls show power/voice to be seen, something uncommon for most girls during the time. They face the consequence of Lengal. Sammy witnessing Lengalembarrass the girls quits to stand up for them, but doesn’t catch their attention.

Recommendation for aTraining Program in McDonalds

Recommendation for aTraining Program in McDonalds This paper will recommend best training practices that can help McDonalds to stay competitive in the Canadian market. The company usually has eleven crew positions within any McDonalds Canada restaurant. The McDonalds Crew Development program has four steps: Prepare, Present, Try and Follow up. This model therefore guides the process through which the company trains its staff.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Recommendation for aTraining Program in McDonalds specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The current training practices in McDonalds have various strengths. On the job training helps employees to acquire vital skills that enable them perform their responsibilities more effectively. The training program is linked with organisational objectives and trainees get to understand the company’s culture and practices. Cross -training gives employees an opportunity to be skilled in different areas of the firm’s ope rations. This makes it easy for employees to multi task. They are able to perform different functions effectively and this boosts productivity levels. The 4 step training model used by McDonalds helps it to save valuable time and costs (McDonalds Case Study, 2012). The company’s employees are likely to become demoralised after training because they are highly supervised. These employees may lack confidence in their own abilities because of the extreme supervision they undergo during training. The training approaches that are used by McDonalds do not suit individual traits and talents of each employee. This approach does not offer ways through which individual talents of employees can be harnessed for the greater benefit of the firm. Electronic learning approaches are time consuming and ineffective in helping trainees acquire the necessary knowledge. This proves problematic when a trainer wants to monitor the progress of each trainee (McDonalds Case Study, 2012). The company u pdates its training materials electronically because of the fast-paced nature of its operations. Trainers and learners have access to updated information which they easily obtain from a central source. Employees are trained with the most current information which improves their knowledge and understanding. The company has implemented various strategies to reduce training costs (McDonalds Case Study, 2012). The use of focus groups has opened up channels of communication and employees are able to share their thoughts freely regarding training procedures. This approach helps the firm to structure its training programs in a way that suits employees’ operations so as to achieve better results.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company needs to improve its training approaches. The four step model is not suitable for all employees and therefore, more individualis ed training programs should be implemented. Individual talents of employees need to be harnessed and utilised for the benefit of the firm. Employees should be given more time to discover their talents and skills during training for them to become more creative and innovative (Kleynhans, 2006, p.129). Less supervision will increase employees’ morale. The company experiences a high turnover of employees. McDonalds needs to implement policies which offer employees job security and satisfaction to reduce high rates of staff turnover. The training program needs to be specialised to focus on making each worker more knowledgeable in specific areas. The emphasis on cross training can make workers to become less skilled in crucial areas of the firm’s operations. Trainers need to be encouraged to interact more with trainees. This approach will encourage openness and cooperation in the firm (Kleynhans, 2006, p.130). Electronic learning needs to be improved to suit employeesâ€⠄¢ interests, skills and abilities. This approach will improve the level of knowledge employees acquire after training. References Kleynhans, R. (2006). Human resource management. London: Pearson. McDonalds Case Study (2012). Training Practices in McDonalds.

Benefits of Cloud Computing The WritePass Journal

Benefits of Cloud Computing What is the cloud computing? Benefits of Cloud Computing What is the cloud computing?BenefitsBibliographyRelated What is the cloud computing? Cloud computing is using information technology services outside of your business to support either your entire information technology requirement and needs or just part of it. These services like web hosting are given to users and businesses for a price that it agreed between both parties. This can consist of using cloud storage for data, cloud application hosting and many more, cloud computing allows for a greater pool of resources, hardware and software without the need of the company investing in its infrastructure. Miller (2008) states that ‘the definition of cloud computing is the â€Å"cloud† itself. For our purposes, the cloud is a large group of interconnected computers. These can be personal computers or network servers; they can be public or private.’ Benefits Cloud computing has many benefits such as low cost computers can be used by the user/users to run cloud web-based software and the software itself requires little computer resources. The main bulk of the processing power, disk space and other computer resources that modern software requires are available in the cloud therefore not needed by the user. The cloud also offers the users the ability to have exact specifications of hardware/software to suit the user’s requirements which saves the users money. Better performance on the user’s desktop computers will also be an added benefit as the cloud computer systems will be running the main bulk of the hardware intensive software and the desktop will be free to deal with applications that do not require   lots of computer resources. Lower IT infrastructure costs internally will be another added benefit as the cloud will be dealing with the main bulk of the resources needed meaning fewer servers and computing power internally. Lower software costs will benefit the company, instead of having the software installed on every machine which mean paying for a licence for each machine. The software can be installed on the cloud and every staff member that needs the   software can access the cloud and use it from any of the machine once authorised, this also adds the extra benefit of security by only allowing certain user names and password to have access to the certain parts of the cloud and the software itself. Update efficiency will be easier in the cloud as once you update the software in the cloud every machines that then accesses the cloud will have access to the newest version of the software instead of updating each machines software which saves time and staff labour Few maintenance issues will arise both hardware and software as the hardware and software will be based externally, let’s take hardware for instance with a lower amount of servers internally and   the main bulk of the servers externally doing the processing the maintenance costs will be dramatically decreased and with the software staff will not need to be on hard maintain the software if anything goes wrong as the cloud will have their own staff checking the software is working at its most efficient. Increased computing power Bibliography MILLER, M. Cloud Computing – Web-Based Applications That Change the Way You Work and Collaborate Online. United States of America. Que Publishing. 2008.

Loan modification rules Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Loan modification rules - Essay Example The Home Affordable Modification Program The Home Affordable Modification Program is intended to help as many as 3 to 4 million economically stressed homeowners prevent foreclosure by altering mortgage loan payments that is reasonable (â€Å"Home Affordable Modification Program†). The program attempts to alter the mortgage payment to 31% of the homeowner’s monthly income. Reducing the mortgage payment to 31% of pretax income is achieved first by having the interest rate for the mortgage decreased to as low as 2%. The second step will be to lengthen the term of the loan to 40 years and if the payment still has not reached the targeted threshold, the lender can withhold principal and charge interest on a part of the loan. Qualifications The qualifications to decrease the monthly mortgage payment to 31% of the homeowner’s income are uniform throughout the mortgage industry. The Home Affordable Modification Program offers homeowner’s mortgage payment changes i f they are have trouble making mortgage payments because of a hardship.

Islamic banking concepts Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Islamic banking concepts - Research Proposal Example The paper tells that Islamic banking focuses on the profit and risk concept than the interest alone as it is in the traditional banking for the calculation of returns. In the Islamic the risk of the individual sharing the financial resources is similar to banking borrower’s risk. The returns are also calculated in the similar manner. It is based on Shariah laws where in honesty and trust is the basic foundation of such approach. It is assumed that everyone from investor to borrower would be honest regarding their work and financial aspects. However it is borrower’s challenge to run the business and making it profitable. Hoq et al explain that the level of trust in the context of Malaysian Banks were determined by the basic belief of Muslim and non-Muslim customers on the bank for fulfilling its promises and obligations. â€Å"In this sense, when Islamic banks are operated on the basis of Islamic Shariah, trust becomes even more important dimension in gaining the custom ers than trust in the conventional banks.† Nevertheless, ‘Reba’ or Interest is forbidden under Islamic laws†. This changes the overall banking process very different from the conventional banking. Looking from the conventional banking approaches, Islamic banking and its product may sound complex. The overall development of products, designing, training manpower for the product management, business compliances, human resource and overall administration is much different from the conventional banking.

Page 50 51 and Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Page 50 51 and - Assignment Example Sketching an outline for a thesis is a good exercise for developing writing abilities. Check if each topic sentence clearly supports the thesis. Consider changing the organization if topic sentences and paragraphs are not connected to one another. Consider also changing the thesis if writing about the topic reveals something new. Change the essay, redraft change thesis and topic sentences. Be open to changing the essay if it doesn’t work out. Nothing is permanent when it comes to writing. Changes can happen as we collect information and develop arguments, paragraphs. Paragraph development. Beginning writers have weakness in developing paragraphs, so must practice in developing them by using topic sentence and information to support topic sentences. Each paragraph must support the topic sentence in different ways- explain, define, give examples, any way to support the topic sentence. Give sufficient information and evidence to support the topic sentence. Make information, clear and specific. Another example of fully developed paragraph. Used many examples to support the topic sentence. More convincing because of stories and examples that prove that Jesse James is a Robin Hood kind of outlaw. They all say something about the topic sentence- connection, unity is clear. Give more evidence to develop the paragraph. Give information that is connected to the topic sentence. Again, think of unity and coherence for each paragraph. Check each paragraph for unclear ideas or sentences that are not connected to the topic

Who Wants to Be Filipino Essay Example for Free

Who Wants to Be Filipino Essay If you were to be reincarnated and given the choice, would you opt to be Filipino again? It was in 1998, at a Forum of students of top schools at the University of Asia and the Pacific, that I raised this question. As expected, everybody, except me, gave a resounding yes for an answer. Hypocrites! I could see from the way they talked, from the clothes they wore, from their ideas of what was good and beautiful, that even in this lifetime they were dying to camouflage their being Filipino. Thanks to Ralph Lauren, a colonial education and a trying-hard American accent. I told them that I want to be European, a Frenchman more specifically. Yes, Europewith its rich history, solid identity, and all the luxury and elegance this world could offer. I have been there once for the world debates in Greece. But being Filipino, I was a disaster then. During socials, I would befriend the Jamaicans so I would stand out. But it was a wrong move because Jamaicans, notwithstanding their darker skin tone, are very secure with themselves. When I and fellow Filipinos were walking in downtown Athens, a young Greek approached our group and casually told us that he intended to go to the Philippines to fk Filipinas. Then he kept on asking us: How much are Filipinas? Did he expect us to adore him because a fine European like him wanted to visit a country whose people they officially defined as Domestic Helpers? Or was he simply being mean? I wish he were just referring to the controversial brown biscuit. Hellish traffic, hellish climate, hell-sent politicians, gangsters in uniform, hoodlums in robe, massive unemployment, inhumane poverty, identity crisis, a tradition of mediocrity. Get real. Who would want to be Filipino? Maybe the Cojuangcos, the Sys, the Tans and the other demigods whose surnames do not sound Filipino at all. But this Yumul, no. My Uncle Jessie is lucky: he and the whole family migrated to the United States in the early 1970s, to graze where the grass is greener and live there as second class citizens but occasionally come home like gods crowned with sparkling dollars. Then there is Me-Ann, one of the tinderas in our small business. She thinks that her main purpose in life is to go to Taiwan and earn money she will never earn in a lifetime of labor in the Philippines. I feel sad to know that Me-Ann and millions of Filipinos have to leave the country just to live decently. Some say though that despite our material poverty, we could take pride in our spirituality since the Philippines is the only predominantly Christian country in Asia. But it continues to puzzle me why this Catholic Nation has only produced two saints so far while Thailand, Japan and Chinaall non-Christian countrieshave more. Maybe, unlike Filipinos, people from those nations have more sensible things to do than creating miracles by desperately looking for images in the stains of tree trunks and forcing statues to shed bloody tears. I have always been pessimistic about the fate of the Filipino. But there was a break. I gave in to the Nationalistic Spirit during the Centennial Celebrations. When fireworks, worth millions of pesos, lit up the skies over the Luneta, I had high hopes that the Philippines would be better and I decided to junk my pessimism. I thought a new era of Filipino pride had dawned. In my college years, I was also influenced by San Bedas thrust of molding young men in the image of a true Filipino like some of its alumni whose ranks include Ninoy Aquino, Rene Saguisag, Ramon Mitra, and Raul Roco, who should have been the president of this country. Yes, for some time, I was deluded into being proud of being Filipino. Thanks to President Erap, I have recovered my senses. His Excellency has betrayed the peoples trust so many times that I need not elaborate. Erap has become for me the symbol of everything that is bad in the Filipino. In his administration, corruption and chaos have become the norm so that writing about it would only bore the reader. Its just too bad for the nation but good for me since I got back my precious pessimism. Now I am firmly convinced that Erap has to resign to save what is left of our dignity as a nation and what is left of my optimism as a young man. But, I guess he will never do that. Congress is dominated by honorable galamays, impeachment is an impossibility. A military coup could save the day for the country, but, in that case, Uncle Sam is sure to defend his friend who handed him the Visiting Forces Agreement. Now, we are left with assassins to play heroes. If one saves the lives of millions, would he not go to heaven? But then Erap need have no fear about an assassination plot. Imelda, despite all the crimes her family committed against the Filipino people, has never been hurt. Not even a strand of her regal hairdo has been touched. But of course, there are always firsts. According to Hindu philosophy, what you sow in this life, you would reap in the next and whatever you are now is a reaction to your past. Could it be that all Filipinos were crooks in their earlier incarnations? If there is any reason why I try to do well in this life, it is in the hope that in my next, I would be a Filipino no more. If it would not be too much to ask, I wish I would be French, or even Jamaican, before Jinggoy Estrada becomes president of this wretched land. Herdy L. Yumul, 21, is a Philosophy and Human Resource Development graduate of San Beda.

walmart :: essays research papers

Relationship Marketing King Wal-Mart Still No. 1 The economists are still telling us how bad the U.S. economy is, but don't say anything about the bad economy to your local Wal-Mart greeter. His or her employer just witnessed revenues grow by 12 percent in 2002, to $246.5 billion. He or she will probably proudly let you know that Wal-Mart Stores Inc. was just ranked number one—again—by Fortune magazine, leading the top 500 corporations for a second year in a row. How do they do it? Sam Walton's 1992 book Made In America has all the details, but let me sum up: Wal-Mart knows relationship marketing. Rule No. 8 of "Sam's Rules for Building A Business" holds the secret to this winning formula of success. He says, "Let them (your customer) know you appreciate them." So what has Wal-Mart done to show that they appreciate their customers? They use one-to-one relationship marketing tactics, executed by the famous Wal-Mart greeter. The Wal-Mart greeting was the original method used by the giant retailer to show customers that they are appreciated. A greeter at the door thanks customers for coming in, assists with a shopping cart, and provides a "goodbye thank you" upon departing the store. The friendly senior citizen dressed in the blue vest conveys warmth and personality to every guest entering or exiting a Wal-Mart store. So why don't others adopt this simple marketing tactic? Some do. Meijer retail stores also use greeters; many restaurants, hotels and other businesses do the same. But most don't—because relationship marketing is not as simple as it seems. It takes a type of commitment different than traditional marketing. Relationship Marketing Has 4 Key Components: It has to be personalized. Personalization can come in the form of a highly targeted direct mail piece, a phone call or email. Obviously the handshake and a smile illustrated by Wal-Mart greeters also work well in personalizing the relationship. It has to be targeted. Wal-Mart invests money in maintaining relationships with existing customers. By targeting this group, Wal-Mart establishes long-term relationships with their most loyal shoppers. Targeting customers through programs that reward loyalty can result in big returns over the life of the customer. It has to be meaningful. Your marketing message has to connect in an emotional way to establish a lasting relationship. If the Wal-Mart greeter did not look you in the eye while saying "hello," the greeting would not have a lasting impact.